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Heyschius is a lexicographer from 400CE, who tells us Hebrews were pirates. Philo says it too. That's ok, the Greeks were pirates at one point as well. But this is evidence how they were viewed during the time contemporary to 0-400CE...

The Greek lexical evidence establishes a chain of associations connecting the Hebrew designation with crossing, boundaries, piracy, raiding, and, through the Centaurs, παιδερασταί (lovers of boys).

Philo is a direct contemporary witness from the first century CE. Hesychius, writing around the fifth century, preserves earlier Greek lexical traditions.

Philo tells us that Hebrews are Pirates

Philo of Alexandria tells us the ancient Hebrews were Pirates... and that he wouldn't want to be one.

Philo of Alexandria, De migratione Abrahami (On the Migration of Abraham), §20, (first century CE)

οἱς ἔθος ἀπὸ τῶν αἰσθητῶν ἐπὶ τὰ νοητὰ μετανίστασθαι - περάτης γὰρ ὁ ἑβραῖος ἑρμηνεύεται -͵ τὸ σεμνύνεσθαι ὅτι ͵͵ὧδε οὐκ ἑποίησεν

For whom it is customary to migrate from the perceptible things to the intelligible - for the Hebrew is interpreted as one who crosses the limits of boundaries - to be proud because he did not act in this way.
We will see that perates (crossers of boundaries) are peirates (pirates)

Heyschius also tells us Hebrews were pirates

Hesychius Alexandrinus, Lexicon

<Εβερ>
Ἑβραῖος. καὶ ὁ [Ἑβραῖος] περάτης (Gen. 10,24)

What does this say? Heber, hebraios. Perates - wanderers who Test limits of boundaries. Perates == peirates == Pirates. It's why Abraham is called a perate in the Bible, because he is a trader in human souls. Reality.

Heyschius defines Pirates (Peirates == Perates)

Hesychius ( tells us that Perates (people who cross the limits of boundaries) and Peirates (pirates) were the same thing, coming from the same root.

Hesychius Alexandrinus, Lexicon

*<πέρατα>
τὰ τέλη <--- telos (τέλος) mentioned below for πείρατα

  • τὰ → "the" (neuter plural definite article)
  • τέλη → "ends," "goals," "purposes," or "taxes" (neuter plural of τέλος)

<πείρατα>
πέρατα. τέλος <-- perata without the 'i', same telos mentioned above

  • πέρατα → "boundaries," "limits," or "extremities" (neuter plural of πέρας)
  • τέλος → "end," "completion," "goal," or "final outcome" (singular noun)

<πειραταί>
κακούργοι, λῃσταί. θηρευταὶ ἐν ὕδασι

<πειρᾶται>
πεῖραν λαμβάνει, πειράζει. ἐπὶ δὲ λῃστῶν, πειρατεύεται

  • peirate (πείρατα) == Perate (πέρατα) == telos (ends/limits)
  • peiratai (πειραταί) - evil doers, Lestes
  • Kakourgoi (κακούργοι) - those who do bad things.
  • lestai (λῃσταί) - The traffickers
They sell their wares that they gather in udasi - on the waters

What is the porthmeus? The undertaking that is the testing of your life is done by the porthmeus. That is the trafficker in human souls.

πορθμ-εύς , έως, Ion. ῆος, ὁ,
A.ferryman, Od.20.187, Aeschin.3.158, SIG633.104(Milet., ii B.C.), BGU1188.11 (i B.C.), etc.; π. νεκύων, of Charon, E.Alc.253(lyr.), cf. Call.Fr.440.
2. generally, boatman, seaman, esp. as one of the crew of a passenger-ship, Hdt. 1.24, Ar.Ec.1086, Theoc.1.57.
3. metaph., conveyer, 'purveyor', “τῶνκαθ᾽ ἡμέρανλεγομένων” Lib.Or.18.15.
  • porthmeus (πορθμεύς) - One who transports others across
  • porthmeus nekruon (πορθμεὺς νεκύων) - Ferryman of the dead, literally of souls (psyche)

That's the ferryman. The one who purveys. Carries human soulery

  • pierates/perates - the person who crosses
  • porthmeus - the person who transports others across.

The ferryman of the dead and the human-trafficking pirate converge in the Greek tradition. A maritime raider who captures people and carries them across the sea is performing the physical function of a πορθμεύς

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